ABSTRACT
The wireless communication system very essential technology and have significant use after corona virus effect the world very badly. The Wi-Fi technology exhibits good wireless communication to provide internet facility but suffers with low antenna gain. This novel array proposed method with different dielectric material properties is used to enhancement the gain of the Wi-Fi antenna. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is at 2. 5GHZ. This proposed method consist of Teflon dielectric material with dielectric constant of 2.02 has the gain of 8.4dbi, return loss of -30db and VSWR is 1.85, with loss tangent 0.0002. This proposed method compares with different dielectric material like kapton and fr-4 substrate but Teflon exhibit the good results. This proposed method work good for PCB antennas and flexible and wearable antennas with kapton substrate. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a novel unique single-layer dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array with a COVID-19 shape designed for building a Base Station (BS) for sub-6 GHz applications at the resonant frequency 3.16 GHz. Furthermore, it is easy to fabricate and compact, which makes it suitable for 5G applications. Firstly, a single-element fractal shape antenna with a gain of 3 dB is discussed. Secondly, an 8-element 2x4 antenna array is designed with a gain of 8 dB. The antenna is fabricated using an FR4-epoxy double-sided copper board with a thickness of 1.6 mm. It is optimized by performing parametric studies of the dimensions using the finite element method (FEM) software program HFSS. The printed prototype measurements including S-parameters, polarization, and radiation pattern show a good agreement with simulation results. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a 5G on-body patch has been designed for detecting COVID-19 affected lung. A new material Single Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) is used to design the patch of the antenna. Copper is used to designing the ground and FR-4 (lossy) is used in the substrate. The antenna has a total thickness of 5.5 mm where the patch thickness is 0.5 mm, the substrate thickness is 4.5 mm, and the ground thickness is 0.5 mm. The total volume (length x width x thickness) of this antenna is 80 mm x 80 mm x 5.5 mm (35200 mm3). For detecting COVID-19, designed two human lung phantom body models such as a COVID-19 affected lung model and a non-affected normal lung model. The patch antenna and all the models were designed in CST Microwave Studio. All the dielectric properties and other valuable parameters of the antenna materials and lung phantom models were collected and used for designing the antenna and phantom lung models. The antenna's return loss (S1,1) is -27.498894 dB, gain is 3.007 dB, VSWR is 1.0880641, directivity is 6.007 dB, resonant frequency is 6.296 GHz, SAR 1.19 W/Kg, bandwidth is 1.8174 GHz and the efficiency is 61% in free space. In this pandemic situation, this antenna can be given a new step for detecting COVID-19 affected lung. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
We propose a method for remote sterilization of surfaces which follows wireless power transmission principles. Using the self-steering tracking capability of retro-directive arrays (RDAs), an infected area of interest can be sterilized by radiating microwave power in a controlled and efficient manner, thus producing heat for pathogen deactivation. The employed antenna array system offers dual-circular polarization with isolation values of 55 dB which supports the co-location of the transmit and receive parts of the RDA. In particular, the paper reports the use of a 2 x 2 circularly polarized RDA system operating in the S-band, which is used to investigate the possible heat change of a water covered sample for sterilization, placed at different ranges from the transmitting point and rotated in the plane normal to the illumination. The time required to heat the area of interest up 60°C is numerically studied and the capabilities of inducing the needed temperature gradient over the samples is examined. In addition, measurements have been performed using biological samples of the coronavirus (strain Cov-229E-GFP) to demonstrate virus deactivation. The proposed methodology can also be made completely automated and with little operator interaction, representing a new and attractive option for microwave sterilization of pathogens such as those related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS COVID-19). © 2022 European Microwave Association.
ABSTRACT
An X-band, free-space microwave sensor consisting of 30 radial spokes connected in a central hub with a gap region was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensor structure results in an electric dipole at 10 GHz with a split circular disc capacitor at the center. Viruses, dust, and soot particles in the gap region change the sensor’s impedance and its reflection coefficient monitored by a horn antenna and a network analyzer. The sensor sensitivity was 85.02 MHz/microliter for deionized water, 89.5 MHz/microliter for uninfected saliva, and 94.6 MHz/microliter for SARS-COV-2 infected saliva with 103 viruses/μL. Its sensitivity to a dielectric sample (ερ~5.84) was 3.23 MHz/mm3, and for iron particles was 16.25 MHz/mm3. All these samples were smaller than λ/30 at 10 GHz and could not be detected on uniform dielectric or metallic substrates without the spoke structure. A 2x2 array of spoke sensors was also constructed and tested as a feasibility study for designing larger metamaterial (MTM) periodic arrays. IEEE
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art of 'Stealth Communication' (SC), focused on potential applications in 5G/6G. SC is a new wireless system aimed at enhancing spectral efficiency and cybersecurity/privacy based on employing Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) RF signals that mimic noises in wave form and below-noise-level at the receiver frontend. For 5G/6G applications, Same Frequency (SF) Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) operating bandwidth covering 400 MHz to 11 GHz, and their Technology Readiness Level, are discussed. Implementation of SC in 5G/6G, held back so far by high costs and Covid-19, should be able to gain enough momentum under the thrusts of rising cyber attacks in 2021. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a novel unique microstrip fractal patch antenna with a COVID-19 shape designed for wireless applications. The COVID-19 antenna is a compact, miniature size, multiband, low weight, and low-cost patch antenna;the demonstrated patch antenna, simulated using the HFSS software program, consists of a circular printed patch with a radius of 0.4 cm surrounded by 5 pairs of crowns. The antenna is implemented on a double-sided copper plate with an FR4-epoxy substrate of 1 × 1 cm2 area and 1.6 mm thickness. This small patch operates and resonates on two frequencies 7.5 GHz and 17 GHz within C and Ku bands, respectively. The simulated and measured gains were respectively 0.8 dB and 0.2 dB at the lower frequency and 2.21 dB and 2 dB at the higher frequency. A coaxial probe feeding method is used in the simulation, and printed prototypes showed excellent consistency between measured and simulated resonance frequencies. © 2022, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
A quad-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) filtenna with compact dimensions of 50 ×50 mm2 are configured, in which each element is placed orthogonally to its adjacent to enhance the isolation. The MIMO element is configured based on the novel COVID-19 virus shape with a co-planar waveguide feeding structure (CPW) and dimensions 17 ×22 mm2. The element bandwidth is ranging from 3.3 GHz to more than 60 GHz. Three frequency notches are designed at 3.5 GHz for WiMAX and 5.5 GHz for WLAN, and 8.5 GHz for X-band applications. A bandpass filter (BPF) with high out of band rejection is used as a decoupling structure (DS) to improve the isolation to more than 30 dB across most of the bandwidth. The equivalent circuit model is scrutinized to investigate the enactment of the decoupling structure. The proposed MIMO filtenna system provides an impedance bandwidth of 2.4–18 GHz, a peak gain of 13.2 dBi, and an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.00021. In turn, channel capacity loss does not exceed 0.2. The MIMO filtenna is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the measured and simulation results is achieved. Author